The indian national congress was the single largest party by winning 86 of 175 seats in the legislative assembly and of 60 seats in the legislative council. In this paper an attempt has been made to determine electoral politics and voting trends in nwfp during 1937 elections. A gallery of study resources about significant primary source documents from american history. Pdf the elections of 193637 in the punjab and political position. The indian national congress won in eight provinces and gained power. These provisional elections of 1937 proved that neither the muslim league represented muslims nor the congress.
Land reforms and tenancy policy of the congressministry. Ii the results of the i937 election clearly revealed that the congress was the only party that was well organized and fought the elections on a national front. The congress got majorities in five provinces, madras, u. However the formation of the ministries of congress in these provinces delayed. Congress and the raj in 1937 andrew muldoon abstract this article addresses questions of political reform and colonial intelligence collection in 1930s india. Election 1937 history, election results, and emphasis. There was a tough competition from the other muslim organizations. Elections, 1937 the elections were held in january and february of 1937. The elections to the two houses of legislatures of the bombay presidency were held in 1937, as part of the nationwide provincial elections in british india.
The elections of 1937 were held with the restricted franchise. Furthermore the tyranny of congress ministries could not be forgotten so easily and muslims could not risk the life of their identities again. Download as pptx, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Congress won absolute majorities in five provinces and was the largest single party in four others. Provincial elections were held in british india in the winter of 193637 as mandated by the. It introduced the united provinces tenancy bill in 1938. In the madras presidency, it also marked the beginning of rajajis ascendancy in the congress legislature party. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the british empire in asia and africa. In april 1934, a section of the congressmen at the all india level decided to revive the swarajya party to contest the forthcoming election to the central. At its 1936 session held in the city of lucknow, the congress party, despite opposition from the newly elected nehru as the party president, agreed to contest the provincial elections to be held in 1937. Revision of struggle for swaraj 19271947 for upsc cse prelims 2018. Congress ministries were formed in bombay, madras, central provinces, orissa, united provinces, bihar and later in nwpf and assam also. And he followed it up by adopting in march 1940, a resolution at lahore for the creation of pakistan.
When the results of the first ever elections were declared february 1937, the congress bagged most of the seats with thumping majorities. In july 1937, congress therefore formed governments in 6 provinces. The literature on electoral behaviour shows that there is a difference of. Election 1937, the muslim league manifesto laid down two major principles. A study of 1937 elections muhammad shakeel ahmad abstract in this paper an attempt has been made to determine electoral politics and voting trends in nwfp1 during 1937 elections. Congress ministries confirmed the twonation theory and. Congress ministries and all its detail all india muslim league. In 1937, after the provincial elections, the congress had refused to make coalition governments with the muslim league.
This gave the muslim league leaders an opportunity to accuse the ministries of oppressing the muslims. Today, reflections ministries is the context through which ken animates the many facets of his ministry a ministry of relational evangelism and discipleship, teaching, writing, mentoring, and speaking. Party control of the presidency and congress, 19332010. Others, including the muslim league, were hardly able to carry out. Congress ministries tried to suppress muslim culture by hindu domination. This lesson is on the election of 1937 and the congress ministries. Goia 1935 elections of 1937 congress ministries in subcontinent.
The lucknow session of april 1936 presided by jawaharlal nehru congress resolved to contest elections. Eventually, after a fourmonth delay, congress formed their ministries in july 1937. Elections took place in eleven provinces and the results were declared in february 1937. What congress ministries did in 1937 during 28 months rule in indian freedom struggle in hindi duration. The congress ministries resigned in october and november 1939, in protest against viceroy lord. In the elections held in 1937 under the provisions of the. Formation of congress ministries in provinces in 1937. The presentation on congress ministries and assignment with detailed discription. It focuses on the expectations british colonial officials had of the impact of the 1935 government of india act reforms on indian. Through the elections the congress sought to convert its popular movement into a political.
Nehru in his presidential speech at the session advocated socialism and inducted jayaprakash narayan,acharya narendra deo and achyut patwardhan in the congress. And hence the muslim leaders of congress could easily win, because of financial resources. The congress at the 1937 elections in madras modern asian. Examine the outcome of the provincial elections of 1937.
Linlithgow was of the opinion that the elections had enabled the congress to establish contact with the rural population on a very large scale on a pretext which made it difficult for the british to interfere with. The congress won clear majority in the five provinces but it was the largest group in one more province. Congress ministries were formed in various province. The demand was finally answered and the congress ministries were formed in july 1937.
The congress proved to be a pure hindu party and worked during its reign only for the betterment of the hindus. There were two major political parties in the subcontinent at that time, the congress and the muslim league. Congress ministries were formed in july 1937 in several provinces, including the united provinces, madras, the central provinces, bombay, bihar, orissa, and after sometime in the northwest frontier provinces nwfp. Elections in haryana, which is a state in india, have been conducted since 1967 to elect the members of statelevel haryana legislative assembly and nationallevel lok sabha. Only two nominees of the muslim league succeeded in the elections of 1937. Elections after government of india act 1935 gktoday. Jinnah reinvited into politics by liaquat ali khan and elected permanent president of muslim league in 1934. The congress projected itself as an allindia force representing all religions and factions of the society. In the two and a half years congress rule that followed, their ministers made adept use of their powers. Now, what lay before them was the task of persuading their concerned masses to support them in the upcoming elections. Congress stood for joint electorate and the league for separate electorates. The congress ministries set up new standards of honesty, austerity and public service. The thrill brought about by the 1937 elections soon became a sad and a distant memory. The 1937 election was the first in which large masses of indians were eligible to participate.
The congress at the 1937 elections in madras christopher baker universit of cambridge in february i937, the congress party in the madras presidency won i59 of 2 i5 seats in the provincial legislative assembly at the first elections under provincial autonomy. The results of the 1937 election clearly revealed that the congress was the only party that was well organized and fough otn th ae elections national front. Eventhough ministries had limited power congress ministries left no stone unturned to wards the social well being of the country. Congress delayed the formation of its ministries for four months demanding that the governor would not interrupt the legislative affairs. The subcontinent in 1945 was a different place to that of 1937. Twentyseven months of the congress rule were like a nightmare for the muslims of south asia. The congress ministries resigned in october and november 1939, in protest against viceroy lord linlith gows action of. Election of 1937 and congress ministries history tuition. A critical study 127 a community should be undertaken if opposed by threefourths of the members of that community in a legislative body and, secondly, that onethird of the indian elected members of legislatures must be muslims elected by separate electorates.
Winners are blue for democrats, red for republicans. The congress ministries tried to improve the condition of the people within the narrow limits of the powers given to them under the act of 1935. They drastically reduced their own salaries and mostly travelled second or third class on the railways. It also formed coalition ministries in sind and assam. The 1937 elections marked the start of the indian national congress participation in the governance of india. Both parties did their best to persuade the masses before these elections and put before them their manifesto. Reflections ministries was established in 1995 to elevate and illuminate what are now ken boas reflections of a lifetime. The league did not do well in the 1937 elections for a number of reasons. Everything about indian provincial elections, 1937 after. Congress ministries 19371939 even though muslim league and congress were against the government of india act 1935, yet it was implemented in the winter of 1937.
Pirpur committee was established in 1938 by the all india muslim league to prepare a detailed report regarding the atrocities of the congress ministries 19371939 formed after the elections under the 1935 government of india act in different provinces. Both the congress and the muslim league were critical of the government of india act, 1935, but decided to participate in the elections, which were held under it during the first weeks of 1937. Congress ministries the government of india act of 1935 was practically implemented in 1937. Politics, intelligence and elections in late colonial india. On 14 july, rajaji was sworn in as the chief minister. Politics, intelligence and elections in late colonial. Its report charged the congress for interference with the religious rites, suppression of urdu and propaganda of hindi, denial of legitimate representation and suppression in economy of the muslims. Elections of 1937 and congress ministries unacademy. The congress declared hindi as the national language and congress flag was granted the status of national flag. Linlithgow to zetland, 5 march 1937, linlithgow papers, f. The released congress leaders anticipated the restoration of elections. It was invited to form ministries in the united provinces, the. Modern presidents presidential elections election maps, by county presidents and congress renkas home page southeast missouri state university party control of the presidency and congress, 19332010 russell d.
The allindia muslim league did not form government in anywhere. The provincial system was inaugurated on april first 1937. Find right answer with solution and explaination of asked question. There are 90 assembly constituencies 17 reserved for sc and 10 lok sabha constituencies 2 reserved for sc. This paper seeks to analyse the condition of labour in colonial bihar during the tenure of the first congress ministry, 1937 39. They cut land revenue and dismantled the procedure for. Now if you reverse these reasons youll get the reasons behind muslim league success in 4546 elections. In the elections held in 1937 under the provisions of the government of india act of 1935 congress ministries were formed in. The government of india act 1935 did not please both the congress or the muslim league, then they decided that it was worth contesting the elections of 1937 due to be held according to the 1935 act. The provincial elections were held in the winter of 193637. Provincial elections of 1937 and the congress ministries. The indian national congress pronunciation help info inc, often called the congress party or simply congress is a political party in india with widespread roots. They now had a stronger standing with their reputation enhanced by the civil disobedience movement under gandhis leadership. Congressmuslim league relations 193739 volume 12 issue 4 deepak pandey.
Congressmuslim league relations 193739 modern asian. Others th, includine musli m leagueg, were hardly able to carry out any extensive propaganda and canvassing in, and the absence of a team of workers depended on what hired agents they. Pant formed his ministry and his revenue minister rafi ahmad kidwai succeeded in fulfilling the congress commitments of tenancy reforms. Also, it tries to contextualise the work of the congress ministry, established under the provincial autonomy under the. Tripuri congress march 1939 favoured active participation in the princely states because of the federal structure of the 1935 act and due to assumption of office by the congress after the 1937 elections.